std::vector — Four Mechanisms Behind Every push_back() -- Gracjan Olbinski

By Gracjan Olbinski | Apr 2, 2026 04:47 PM | Tags: None

A walkthrough of four mechanisms working behind every push_back() call — exponential growth and amortized O(1), the growth factor's effect on memory reuse, cache performance from contiguity, and the silent noexcept trap in move semantics during reallocation.

std::vector — Four Mechanisms Behind Every push_back()

by Gracjan Olbinski

From the article:

"You call push_back() a thousand times. The vector reallocates about ten. Behind that simple interface, four mechanisms are working together — each one invisible during normal use, each one shaping your performance in ways that push_back() will never tell you about."

The hidden compile-time cost of C++26 reflection -- Vittorio Romeo

By Vittorio Romeo | Mar 30, 2026 06:18 PM | Tags: None

How much does C++26 Reflection actually cost your build?

In this article, we'll perform some early compilation time benchmarks of one of the most awaited C++26 features.

The hidden compile-time cost of C++26 reflection

by Vittorio Romeo

From the article:

Fast compilation times are extremely valuable to keep iteration times low, productivity and motivation high, and to quickly see the impact of your changes.

I would love to see a world where C++26 reflection is as close as possible to a lightweight language feature [...]

So, I decided to take some early measurements.

Stop Choosing: Get C++ Performance in Python Algos with C++26 -- Richard Hickling

By Blog Staff | Mar 27, 2026 12:10 PM | Tags: None

In algorithmic trading, the Python-vs-C++ debate is usually framed as flexibility versus speed — rapid strategy development on one side, ultra-low-latency execution on the other. But with C++26 reflection, that trade-off starts to disappear, making it possible to generate Python bindings automatically while keeping the core logic running at native C++ performance.

Stop Choosing: Get C++ Performance in Python Algos with C++26

by Richard Hickling

From the article:

The “religious war” between Python and C++ in algorithmic trading usually boils down to a single trade-off: Python is faster for getting ideas to market, while C++ is faster for getting orders into the book.

But why choose? With the advent of C++26 Reflection, you can now have the flexibility of a Python-based strategy without the performance penalty of slow loops.

Bring in C++ Rapidly: How Reflection Works

The biggest hurdle in hybrid trading systems has always been the “bridge.” Traditionally, if you wrote a complex pricer in C++, you had to manually write “boilerplate” code to tell Python how to talk to it. If you added a new function, you had to update the bridge. It was tedious and error-prone.

Reflection changes the game by allowing the code to “look in the mirror”. Instead of you manually describing your C++ functions to Python, the compiler does it for you. It programmatically inspects your classes and generates the bindings automatically.

C++26: std::is_within_lifetime -- Sandor Dargo

By Blog Staff | Mar 19, 2026 12:02 PM | Tags: None

When I first came across std::is_within_lifetime, I expected another small type-traits utility — not a feature tied to checking whether a union alternative is active. But once you look closer, this seemingly narrow addition turns out to solve a surprisingly fundamental problem in constant evaluation.

C++26: std::is_within_lifetime

by Sandor Dargo

From the article:

When I was looking for the next topic for my posts, my eyes stopped on std::is_within_lifetime. Dealing with lifetime issues is a quite common source of bugs, after all. Then I clicked on the link and I read Checking if a union alternative is active. I scratched my head. Is the link correct?

It is — and it totally makes sense.

Let’s get into the details and first check what P2641R4 is about.

What does std::is_within_lifetime do?

C++26 adds bool std::is_within_lifetime(const T* p) to the <type_traits> header. This function checks whether p points to an object that is currently within its lifetime during constant evaluation.

The cost of a function call -- Daniel Lemire

By Blog Staff | Mar 17, 2026 11:55 AM | Tags: None

Function calls are cheap — but they are not free — and in tight loops their cost can dominate your runtime. Modern compilers rely on inlining to remove that overhead and unlock deeper optimizations, sometimes turning an ordinary loop into dramatically faster SIMD code.

The cost of a function call

by Daniel Lemire

From the article:

When programming, we chain functions together. Function A calls function B. And so forth.

You do not have to program this way, you could write an entire program using a single function. It would be a fun exercise to write a non-trivial program using a single function… as long as you delegate the code writing to AI because human beings quickly struggle with long functions.

A key compiler optimization is ‘inlining’: the compiler takes your function definition and it tries to substitute it at the call location. It is conceptually quite simple. Consider the following example where the function add3 calls the function add.

int add(int x, int y) { 
     return x + y; 
} 
int add3(int x, int y, int z) { 
     return add(add(x, y), z); 
} 

You can manually inline the call as follows.

int add3(int x, int y, int z) { 
     return x + y + z; 
}

Implementing vector -- Quasar Chunawala

By Blog Staff | Mar 11, 2026 11:53 AM | Tags: None

Finding out how to implement features from the standard library can be a useful learning exercise. Quasar Chunawala explores implementing your own version of std::vector.

Implementing vector<T>

by Quasar Chunawala

From the article:

The most fundamental STL data-structure is the vector. In this article, I am going to explore writing a custom implementation of the vector data-structure. The standard library implementation std::vector is a work of art, it is extremely efficient at managing memory and has been tested ad nauseam. It is much better, in fact, than a homegrown alternative would be.

Why then write our own custom vector?

• Writing a naive implementation is challenging and rewarding. It is a lot of fun!
• Coding up these training implementations, thinking about corner cases, getting your code reviewed, revisiting your design is very effective at understanding the inner workings of STL data-structures and writing good C++ code.
• Its a good opportunity to learn about low-level memory management algorithms.

We are not aiming for an exhaustive representation or implementation, but we will write test cases for all basic functionalities expected out of a vector-like data-structure.

Informally, a std::vector<T> represents a dynamically allocated array that can grow as needed. As with any array, a std::vector<T> is a sequence of elements of type T arranged contiguously in memory. We will put our homegrown version of vector<T> under the dev namespace.

Flavours of Reflection -- Bernard Teo

By Blog Staff | Mar 3, 2026 11:47 AM | Tags: None

Reflection is coming to C++26 and is arguably the most anticipated feature accepted into this version of the standard. With substantial implementation work already done in Clang and GCC, compile-time reflection in C++ is no longer theoretical — it’s right around the corner.

Flavours of Reflection: Comparing C++26 reflection with similar capabilities in other programming languages

by Bernard Teo

From the article:

Reflection is imminent. It is set to be part of C++26, and it is perhaps the most anticipated feature accepted into this version of the standard. Lots of implementation work has already been done for Clang and GCC — they pretty much already work (both are on Compiler Explorer), and it hopefully won’t be too long before they get merged into their respective compilers.

Many programming languages already provide some reflection capabilities, so some people may think that C++ is simply playing catch-up. However, C++’s reflection feature does differ in important ways. This blog post explores the existing reflection capabilities of Python, Java, C#, and Rust, comparing them with one another as well as with the flavour of reflection slated for C++26.

In the rest of this blog post, the knowledge of C++ fundamentals is assumed (but not for the other programming languages, where non-commonsensical code will be explained).

 

IIFE for Complex Initialization -- Bartlomiej Filipek

By Blog Staff | Feb 27, 2026 11:42 AM | Tags: None

What do you do when the code for a variable initialization is complicated? Do you move it to another method or write inside the current scope? Bartlomiej Filipek presents a trick that allows computing a value for a variable, even a const variable, with a compact notation.

IIFE for Complex Initialization

by Bartlomiej Filipek

In this article:

I hope you’re initializing most variables as const (so that the code is more explicit, and also compiler can reason better about the code and optimize).

For example, it’s easy to write:

const int myParam = inputParam * 10 + 5; 

or even:

const int myParam = bCondition ? inputParam*2 : inputParam + 10; 

But what about complex expressions? When we have to use several lines of code, or when the ? operator is not sufficient.

‘It’s easy’ you say: you can wrap that initialization into a separate function.

While that’s the right answer in most cases, I’ve noticed that in reality a lot of people write code in the current scope. That forces you to stop using const and code is a bit uglier.

So how do you quickly concatenate strings? -- Aleksandr Orefkov

By AOrefkov | Feb 19, 2026 01:03 PM | Tags: None

So how do you quickly concatenate strings?

By Aleksandr Orefkov

From the article:

All practicing programmers have to concatenate strings. Precisely concatenate, we don’t have some JavaScript or PHP, in C++ we have this fancy word for it. Programmers in other languages ​​simply “add” strings together without much thought, without even thinking about this operation. After all, what could be simpler than

return "The answer is " + str_answer + ", count is " + count;

But while it’s forgivable for script kiddies not to think about the meaning behind such a simple notation, it’s unacceptable for an experienced developer to approach such an important issue so irresponsibly. An experienced developer, imagining such C++ code, immediately sees the terrifying abyss of problems that such an approach can create.

What type is str_answer? What type is count? “The answer is “ and “, count is “ - are literals that add to std::string as a const char*. So, strlen will be called. I wonder if the compiler will be able to optimize and calculate their length at compile time? Oh well, it seems like constexpr is in the addition, let’s hope so.
This is the first level of problems for now. And let’s say we successfully solved them, creating the following code:

std::string make_answer(std::string_view str_answer, int count) {
    return "The answer is " + std::string{str_answer}
        + ", count is " + std::to_string(count);
}

It sounds like “Hurray!”, but it’s somehow not loud enough…

15 Different Ways to Filter Containers in Modern C++ -- Bartłomiej Filipek

By Blog Staff | Feb 17, 2026 04:08 PM | Tags: None

Filtering items from a container is a common situation. Bartłomiej Filipek demonstrates various approaches from different versions of C++.

15 Different Ways to Filter Containers in Modern C++

by Bartłomiej Filipek

From the article:

Do you know how many ways we can implement a filter function in C++? While the problem is relatively easy to understand – take a container, copy elements that match a predicate and the return a new container – it’s good to exercise with the C++ Standard Library and check a few ideas. We can also apply some modern C++ techniques, including C++23. Let’s start!

The problem statement

To be precise by a filter, I mean a function with the following interface:

  auto Filter(const Container& cont,
              UnaryPredicate p) {}

It takes a container and a predicate, and then it creates an output container with elements that satisfy the predicate. We can use it like the following:

  const std::vector<std::string> vec{
    "Hello", "**txt", "World", "error", "warning",
    "C++", "****" };
  auto filtered = Filter(vec, [](auto& elem) {
    return !elem.starts_with('*'); });
    // filtered should have "Hello", "World",
    // "error", "warning", "C++"

Writing such a function can be a good exercise with various options and algorithms in the Standard Library. What’s more, our function hides internal things like iterators, so it’s more like a range-based version.